Computer Language Programming Code

The process of Exchanging values of two variable is called swapping . The following two C program swap two numbers by calling the swap function by reference (address of variable). The first one swap two numbers with help of a temporary variable and latter one swap two number without a temporary variable. given two numbers x =10 and y=15; swap(x,y) results - print x=15 and y=10 Swapping two numbers - C programming code The c program swaps value of two variable x and y using a temporary variable. The value of the variable x and y are given as input and prints swapped value from the variables as the result. # include <stdio.h> void swap ( int *x, int *y) { int temp = *x; *x =*y; *y =temp; } int main () { int x=0,y=0; printf("\n swap two numbers - call by reference"); printf("\nEnter value for x :"); scanf("%d",&x); printf("\nEnter value

It is a number system conversion from decimal value into binary bits is carried out using bitwise >> (right-shift) operator. The Right shift operator moves the bit position of a integer towards right direction. it removes bits from LSB (least significant bit) and add bits (0s) into MSB (most significant bit) and the number bits to remove and to add depends on a operand value next to the right shift operator. For example, the integer variable x=10 , move 1 bit using right-shift binary 8-bits x = 00001010 x = x >> 1 move 1 bit (remove one bit from LSB (0) and add one bit (0) into MSB binary 8-bits x = 00000101 and x's decimal value becomes 5. Decimal to binary conversion using Bitwise Right-shif

It is number system conversion from binary (base -2) to decimal (base -10) is carried out by bitwise >> (right-shift) operator. The Right shift operator moves the bit position of a integer towards right direction. it removes bits from LSB (least significant bit) and add bits (0s) into MSB (least significant bit) and the number bits to remove and to add depends on a operand value next to the right shift operator. For example, the integer variable x=74 , move 2 bit using right-shift operator binary 8-bits of x = 01001010 x = x >> 2 move 2 bit (remove two bits from LSB (10) and add two bits (00) into MSB 2-bits shifted binary 8-bits of x = 00010010 and x's decimal value becomes 18. Binary to decimal conversion using Bitwise Right-shift

Binary to decimal conversion using Bitwise Left-shift Operator - algorithm Declaration Input Read char bits[9] Output integer decval Temp var integer n=0,len=0       len = strlen(bits) Loop n=0 to len-1 decval left shift by 1 bits[n] == '1' then decval OR by 1 decval left shift by 1 End Loop Output print,bits Binary to Decimal conversion by Left-shift -C programming code The C programming code converts binary bits into a decimal value by bitwise left-shift operator. The input binary bits are given to the program while it is running and returns a decimal value as conversion result. # include <stdio.h> # include < string .h> int main () { int decval; char bits[9]; int n=0; printf ("\n Bitwise Left-shift Operat or Decimal Conversion"); printf("\n Enter a binary bits :" ); scanf("%s", &bits); in

It is a number system conversion from decimal to binary, which is implemented by bitwise left shift operator. The left-shift operator shifts the bits of the decimal value towards left direction. it removes MSB bits and adds bits 0s on LSB of the decimal value. Decimal to Binary Conversion by Left-shift -Manual calculation Given decimal value =19, converts into binary bits. on each iteration, AND (bitwise operation ) with the decimal value and 128, if condition is true, returns 1, otherwise 0, the decimal left shift by 1 , resultant value stored on the same decimal value.  n (decval AND 128) Operation    Decval = decval << by 1 0 bit[0] = (19 AND 128) ? 1:0   38 = 19 <<1 1 bit[1] = (38 AND 128) ? 1:0   76 = 38 <<1 2 bit[2] = (78 AND 128) ? 1:0   152 = 38 <<1 3 bit[3] = (152 AND 128) ? 1:0   304

The binary number consists of 0's and 1's such a number system has only two distinct digits : {0,1} is called base-2 number system and The decimal number consist of 0's to 9's such a number system has 10 distinct digits {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} is called base 10 number system. The binary to decimal conversion is carried out by following manner. Binary to Decimal - Example of Manual Conversion example given binary bits=10101 convert it into decimal value =? decimal value =1x2^4 + 0x2^3 + 1x2^2 + 0x2^1 + 1x2^0 =1x16 + 0x8 + 1x4 + 0x2 + 1x1 =16 + 0 + 4 + 0 + 1 decimal value = 21 Binary to Decimal conversion - algorithm Declaration Input Read char bits Output integer decval Temp var char abit; integer len,n=0     len = strlen(bits) Loop n =0 to len-1 abit= bits[len-n-1]

The binary number has two digits {0,1} is called base-2 number system, while the decimal number system has 10 digits {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} is called base-10 number system. The conversion between decimal (base-10) to 8-bit binary (base-2) is carried out by arithmetic modulus and division operators. The decimal to binary conversion returns 8-bit binary number result for any decimal value given between 0 to 255. for example, if given a decimal value is 19, return 8-bit binary result will be 00010011. for example, if given a decimal value is 83, return 8-bit binary result will be 01010011. Decimal to 8 bits binary conversion - algorithm Variable Declaration Input Read integer decval Output char bits[9] Temp var integer n,reminder     Loop decval not equal zero reminder = decval module by 2 bits[n] = reminder decval = decval divide by 2 n=n+1 End Loop

The binary number consists of 0's and 1's such number system has only two distinct digits {0,1} is called base-2 number system or radix-2 number system. and The decimal number system consist of 0's to 9's has 10 distinct digits {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} is called base-10 number system or radix-10 number system. The decimal to binary conversion or base-2 number to base-10 number conversion is carried out by c programming code. The decimal number is to convert is read from user during the program execution. Decimal to Binary Conversion - Example Example decimal value =23 converts it into equivalent binary bits =? The decimal-value divide by 2 returns a quotient and a reminder, in which the quotient turns decimal-value to next round. This process repeated until quotient becomes 0 or 1. round Decimal divider quotient reminder 1 23